1986-4

This paper aims at showing how a modern view of hydrology has developed in Sweden during the last thirty years. This is done by selecting some areas where Swedish research programmes have contributed to the development of the hydrological sciences, e.g. studies performed in so called representative basins, urban hydrological studies as well as research […]

Due to more complicated pollution situations future water management needs more reliable data on transport of pollutants from a variety of sources – both from external sources (air, land, waste water etc.) and from internal sources (e g regeneration from sediments). A common base for estimates of pollution inputs from these sources is different types […]

Hydrological knowledge is scattered in many central, regional and local authorities and with consultants and researchers. In spite of a tendency towards an integrated view on hydrological issues the different expertise units will probably remain in power also in the year 2000. The separate hydrological topics probably benefit from this situation. Data on surface water, […]

Environmental problems and technical systems in the society are fundamentally related to hydrology. Hydrology is a very comprehensive concept. In fact, there are at least ten independent disciplines within hydrology. Classical hydrology is a descriptive science with the water balance equation as almost the only means of quantifying computations. Hydrodynamics have now to some extent […]

To be prepared to handle the water problems for the future we must collect and store waterdata of different kind today. It is a difficult task to judge the necessary extent of that storage both regarding different variables and the frequency of the data collection

P removal from wastewater was examined by electrolysis in a recirculating closed water system employing alternating current with 0.0039 Hz frequency and Al electrodes. Adjusting pH to about 6 with HCl facilitated complete removal of P and residual Al

The information gap between research and praxis is analysed with a background of the ongoing segmentation and specialization of human knowledge. The genesis of the information gap is analysed and applied on the Swedish water administration and Swedish water research. A way for reduction of the information gap is indicated in increased co-operation and interaction […]

The aim of the study has been to test the applicability of the so called Rain Envelope Method and the Max Day Method, respectively, for design of percolation basins. For a given depth the basin volume has to be designed to meet a certain required frequency of flooding. Flooding is defined as one or more […]

Lake Ringsjön in Scania, southern Sweden, has been very eutrophicated during a comparatively short time. In spite of advanced municipal waste water treatment for phosphorus removal, no improvements have been observed in lake water quality. The reasons are release of P from the sediments and an extremely large external loading on two of the basins […]

A comparison was made between the Nordic standard and the small-scale closed tube method for the determination of CODcr. The closed tube method studied follows the standard procedure except that the sample and reagent volumes are one fifth of those in the standard. The results from the two methods are in good agreement and the […]

The Helsinki Convention – The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area comprises the Baltic Sea proper with the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the entrance to the Baltic Sea. The Convention is ratified by all Baltic Sea states i.e. Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, […]

International Maritime Organization, IMO, has in Marpol Annex IV tried to achieve an international regulation of marine sewage pollution. Marpol is not yet in force, but some areas are regulated by states and conventions, e.g. the Baltic convention whose rules in principle are the same as Marpol Annex IV. It is already in force for […]