1989-1

The concentrations of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, methyl chloroform and perchloroethylene have been determined at 13 stations in the area of the petrochemical centre at Stenungsund. The concentrations of methyl chloroform and perchloroethylene confirm a water exchange of Askeröfjorden of 5-15 % per day. Large variations of the halocarbon concentrations at depths of 1 […]

Asketjern/Blaker waterwork (ca. 5,500 persons) was until 1985 supplied with acid, soft surface water with a high humus concentration. The distribution system consists mainly of asbestos cement and cast iron pipes, and severe corrosion occurred. pH near 11 was measured at end points of asbestos cement pipes. There was no treatment for corrosion control. From […]

Reverse osmosis was found to reduce >90 % of the nitrate content in ground water from two different wells. Alternatives like ion exchange (e.g. CARIX) were found in literature.

Production of drinking water by slow filtration is an old method getting new aspect nowadays. Filtration mechanism is on principle the same as in other granular filters. Dispersed matter is destabilized by biochemical activity of microorganisms. Separated organics retained in the filter for several months/years are degradated by aerobic digestion instead of being removed by […]

This paper introduces different intermittent biological treatment methods of waste water to the Swedish public. Intermittent methods are widespread internationally, but seldom used in Sweden. The following methods are presented: – the Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration process (ICEAS) – the phased isolation ditch process, namely the ”biodenitrosystem” – the Sequencing Batch Reactor process (SBR). The […]

The current debate concerning land application of sewage sludge is briefly reviewed. Of major concern in the public debate today is the presence of organic micro-pollutants in the sludge. Sludge quality data from Swedish plants related to trends in contents of heavy metals, PCB and DDT are discussed. A large decrease can be noted. This […]

The spreading of heavy metals from a metal rich deposit in surface waters is examined from measured concentrations in draining rivers and a series of lakes downstream the deposit, during a period of 3 years. The decreasing concentrations observed in the lakes appear to be the result of mixing of effluents from the deposit with […]

The present study has shown that surface water, groundwater and soil, even in areas far from industrial emissions, contain large pools of adsorbable, organic halogens (AOX). Gel chromatographic fractionations and studies of adsorption of AOX on activated carbon at different pH values indicated that a considerable fraction of the organohalogens are associated with high molecular […]

Volatile organics in bottled waters from Sweden were analysed by stripping enrichment followed by gas chromatography (GC/ECD and GC/FID) and chromatographic sniffing. The GC/FID analyses showed that measurable amounts of organic substances leached from plastic (PET) bottles and Tetra-Brik packages. Chromatographic sniffing showed that the earthy or musty off-flavours, often found in tap water were […]

In this paper the interaction between legislation and municipal administration is focused on the relationship between land use and ground water contamination. In two cases – Vadstena and Kinda – the weak protection of the vulnerable ground water from different land use activities is illustrated. Today the administration is organized for and aimed at handling […]

In areas with intensive agriculture land use conflicts between the agriculture land use interests and the drinking water supply protection interests are frequent. Precise methods for delimitation of Safety Control Areas are urgent. Two delimitation methods are demonstrated. The first one, delimitation by subwatersheds, is based on identifications of local hydrological interrelationships and their significance […]

The water treatment works named Borg delivers drinking water to about 100,000 inhabitants in Norrköping. Raw water is taken from the river Motala ström. Because of the raw water quality there are sometimes problems with bad taste and odour in the purified water. By pollution from a paper pulp factory with chlorine bleachery, situated upstreams […]