1998-2

System Aqua has been designed to meet the growing need for an objective, reproducible and comprehensive tool for assessing the conservation value of Swedish lakes and watercourses as well as for identifying waterbodies worth rehabilitation. The system may be used to provide an integrated assessment of whole catchments together with their component waters. Emphasis in […]

Trace metal concentrations in brackish and sea water can be determined by ICP-SMS (inductively coupled plasma sector mass spectrometry) with no pretreatment other than acidification and dilution. This is possible because of i) very low instrumental detection limits, and ii) the elimination of most of the spectral interferences caused by the salts. These interferences make […]

One strategy to increase the amount of nutrients recycled is to handle urine separately and use it as a fertiliser. However, an extended use of urine separation toilets will result in considerable volumes to be handled. The amount of urine solution could be reduced by using drying techniques. However, the possibilities of dewatering urine by […]

By using an alternative road construction with permeable asphalt over an open-graded aggregate base the stormwater is infiltrated into the ground. No regular stormwater pipes and manholes are needed A full scale study of an alternative road construction in a cold climate is presented in this article. Two roads in a housing area in Luleå, […]

Snow melt and snow handling are of great concern for the municipalities in cold regions. Urban run off is influenced by the piling of snow. In order to design deposit areas, storm water systems, etc. forecasts of urban snow melt run off should consider melting of snow piles. Piling of snow delays the melt and […]

The work with water resources has changed during the last two-three decades. We have solved the problems with point sources. Now we have to concentrate on the diffuse sources, within a sector integrated planning EU is working on a Framework Directive for water, with demands of river basin management. The use of water resources depends […]

The Municipality of Skelleftea is responsible for the operation of several small wastewater treatment plants with insufficient removal of organic matter and nutrients. The small wastewater treatment plants normally consist of septic tanks. A common solution to improve the removal efficiency of small plants is to build infiltration beds. However, due to local conditions this […]